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U.S. Reaches Out on Cuba’s Political Prisoners

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State Dept. Tells Families It Wants Kin’s ‘Immediate Release’
En español: < https://bit.ly/4fJ184O >

Palestinian Authority Suspends Al Jazeera Over Coverage

‘This Rarely Happens for Gazans . . . Something of a Miracle’
Gannett Plans Racial Parity With Population in ’25
Biden, USA Today Agree: ‘We Are Going to Write History’

AAPI Reporter Attacked, ‘This is Trump’s America Now’
‘Too Dangerous’ for Parole, but OK for Fast-Food Work
How News Networks Performed in Ratings in 2024
With Assad Gone, Syria’s Journalists Are Free at Last

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Luis Flores, CEO and co-founder of CiberCuba.com, wrote, “The complicit silence of the international community in the face of these deaths is alarming. Cuba has been a recurring theme in international forums, but concrete actions to pressure the regime remain insufficient. Civil society, both on and off the island, demands justice and the immediate release of all political prisoners.”

State Dept. Tells Families It Wants Kin’s ‘Immediate Release’

As a journalism delegation from historically Black Morgan State University went to Cuba in December to protest “apartheid” in the United States and discuss the banning of books by Black authors, U.S. State Department representatives were meeting with the relatives of political prisoners in Cuba, possibly including those of journalists.

About the same time, José Gabriel Barrenechea Chávez, an independent journalist in Cuba, was detailing how he had been arrested by Cuban authorities the previous month and taken to prison.

“Barrenechea (pictured) is the author of several books and has collaborated with independent media outlets such as Árbol Invertido, 14ymedio, and Cuba Encuentro,” said a Dec. 11 report from the group Prisoner Defenders.

“Since 2019, he has been subject to regulations to prevent him from leaving the country, he is denied the right to work, and his books are banned in Cuba. Criminal investigators, in order to silence his critical voice, are attempting to fabricate a crime of ‘Sedition’ against him for having participated in peaceful protests in his hometown.”

What an irony — “his books are banned in Cuba.”

A group of more than 100 internationally renowned intellectuals, writers and political figures signed a document demanding Barrenechea’s immediate release, María Karla Vázquez González reported for YourNews.

The Spain-based Prisoners Defenders group also said, “In the last 12 months, the list of political prisoners in Cuba has added a total of 155 new political prisoners (an average of 13 new ones each month). During that period, a total of 1,213 political prisoners were on the list, all of them tortured in an eschatological manner without any international reaction yet to prevent this. Cuba has had a total of 1,785 political prisoners present in its prisons from July 1, 2021 until the end of last November, in just 3 years and five months. 650 of the current prisoners suffer from medical pathologies caused and/or aggravated by mistreatment.”

As previously reported, three days before the Dec. 5-7 Morgan State symposium in Havana, Cuban activist Yoan Ricardo Llerena (pictured) was arrested after State Security searched his home and found copies of the U.N.-ratified Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which apparently is considered subversive in the communist country. International Human Rights Day, Dec. 10, was approaching.

And speaking of race, just before the arrival of the group from the historically Black university, the International Institute on Race, Equality and Human Rights, with offices in several countries, released a report, “In Cuba, Extreme Poverty Mainly Affects People of African Descent on the Island.”

It said, “The findings evidencing how extreme poverty mainly affects people of African descent in Cuba had already been recorded in 2023, in the sixth OCDH report on social rights in this country,” a reference to Observatorio Cubano de Derechos Humanos (OCDH), an independent Cuban civil society organization.

“At that time, 21% of Afro-Cubans said they resided in housing in danger of collapse, a figure that contrasts with 15% of the total number of people consulted (1,353), who said they were in the same situation.”

Among Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara’s most notable works is “Drapeau,” a performance in which he used the Cuban flag as a second skin for 30 consecutive days. This artistic act, which questioned the appropriation of national symbols by the regime, made him a target of State Security. (Credit: YouTube)

And on Dec. 2, the Afro-Cuban artist Luis Manuel Otero Alcántara celebrated his 37th birthday behind bars. “On July 11, 2021, Luis Manuel was arrested while trying to join the historic protests that broke out across the island,” Luis Flores wrote for the independent website CiberCuba. “Accused of ‘public disorder,’ ‘insulting national symbols,’ and ‘disrespect,’ he was sentenced to five years in prison in a trial that organizations such as Amnesty International have described as arbitrary and politicized.

“Since then, he has been transferred to the maximum security prison in Guanajay, where he has suffered multiple violations of his human rights, including periods of incommunicado detention and lack of adequate medical care. Despite all this, Luis Manuel has not stopped creating. In prison, he continues to make drawings and works that have been smuggled out and exhibited at international events, proving that art can transcend any physical barrier. . . .”

In a 2023 op-ed in the Miami Herald headlined, “‘Cuba’s authorities have stolen my youth just for speaking my mind’, Otero wrote, “More than 1,800 Cubans, mostly young and Black, were arrested in the protests in 2021.”

On New Year’s Eve, the Cuban regime arrested in Havana the Afro-Cuban visual artist, rapper and activist Fernando Almenares Rivera (pictured), known by his stage name Nando Obdc, according to a Facebook post by the Arts and Humanities project Fuego contra Fuego. He was accused of “terrorism against the Cuban state,” his wife said.

Presenters at the Morgan State University symposium in Cuba included author Nicole Hannah-Jones, Dr. Jason Johnson of Morgan State University and MSNBC, and historians Dr. Molefi Asante and Lisa Brock, wrote Michael Cottman, eighth from left in the rear. “We’re telling our global stories. 27 strong,” Cottman said on Facebook.

Dean Jackie Jones of Morgan State’s School of Global Journalism and Communication and founding dean DeWayne Wickham led the Morgan State delegation, which included Nikole Hannah-Jones, Pulitzer Prize winning New York Times Magazine staff writer known for “The 1619 Project.” The current and founding deans did not respond to requests for comment.

There was no indication that the journalists discussed freedom of the press or of expression in the country they were visiting.

Last year, the Cuban regime issued a news release praising Wickham and said it had awarded him a “guest professorship,” citing his opposition to the U.S. embargo and other positions.

Brian A. Nichols (pictured), undersecretary of state for Western Hemisphere affairs, posted on X on Dec. 6, in the middle of the Morgan trip:

“While in Havana for the biannual migration talks, Deputy Assistant Secretary Eric Jacobstein engaged with independent entrepreneurs, religious leaders & families of political prisoners. He underscored the important work they do to improve conditions in Cuba and called for the immediate release of those unjustly detained.”

Asked if the families of imprisoned journalists were among them, a State Department spokesperson messaged Monday:

It was on this page a year ago that independent Cuban journalist Julio Antonio Rojas wrote, “There is an Arabic proverb that says; that the snake before the bite enchants the victim. The regime of Havana exercises a diabolical enchantment over those people who visit the island with the objective of observing and ensuring compliance with human rights.

“Such people, upon leaving Cuba, become defenders of the ‘wonderful things that exist on the island’, become accomplices and spokespersons for the regime. They have sweetened the pill with lies, guided them to see what they want them to see in staged scenarios while the truth is hidden behind the scenes. They deceived them, if indeed they are deceived.

“These defenders do not visit the relatives of political prisoners, they do not visit the jails where the political prisoners are repressed, where officials are violating their rights to phone calls, to decent food, health care and family visits. . . .”

Today a correspondent in Cuba for Journal-isms, Rojas listed for readers of this column what he considered the most important news from Cuba for November:

Heading the list: “The Cuban regime accredited the first group of inspectors of social communication,
subordinate to the Institute of Information and Social Communication, (IICS) with the aim to control and supervise by reinforcing state control over information.

“The IICS declared to the social network X that with the signing of the Code of Ethics, the inspectors
begin ‘a new stage on the road to the fulfillment of the regulations in force and the protection of citizens’ rights.’

̈”Opponents and independent journalists believe that it is one more machine created by the regime
to control and reinforce information and to continue the repression against independent journalists.”

“Freedom of association, assembly and demonstration are proscribed by law in Cuba,” the Prisoners Defenders group said at the United Nations. “The list of political prisoners and prisoners of conscience in Cuba now exceeds 1,153 cases. Since July 1, 2021, more than 1,790 innocent people have suffered political imprisonment or imprisonment of conscience on the island.” (Credit: Prisoners Defenders)

The publication El Toque, an independent media platform reporting from exile on Cuba, explained in February:

“Cuba is currently 172 in the World Press Freedom Classification issued by the NGO Reporters Without Borders, and is the country with the worst press freedom situation in Latin America.

“In May 2023, the National Assembly of People & Power passed the Social Communication Act, the first of its kind in the country. The regulations state that the media are socialist property and restricts the contents to which the constitutional order and the socialist system do not subvert.

“Decree-Law 370 is another of the rules used by the Government to pursue the autonomous exercise of journalism. The regulations regulate the imposition of fines on those who disseminate information — information contrary to the social interest, morality, morals and the integrity of individuals.”

Other developments on Rojas’ list, “Famine increases in Cuba and with it deaths from malnutrition, between 2022 and 2023,” and “Another week of intense blackouts begins in Cuba,” are expanded upon in a New York Times story by Frances Robles, Ed Augustin and Hannah Berkeley Cohen posted Monday, “10 Years Ago, a U.S. Thaw Fueled Cuban Dreams. Now Hope Is Lost.”

The subhead: “A decade since the United States and Cuba restored diplomatic relations — which many believed would transform the island — Cuba is in its worst crisis since Fidel Castro took power.”

Separately, Nora Gámez Torres reported Monday in the Miami Herald:

“Even as Cubans have been dying because of shortages of medicines and supplies at hospitals, and the government claims it doesn’t have the money to buy them due to U.S. sanctions, companies run by Cuba’s military have stashed away billions of dollars, according to financial records obtained by the Miami Herald. Gaviota, a company that runs tourist hotels and is just one of many owned by the military, is sitting on about $4.3 billion in its bank accounts, the documents show.”

She also wrote, “During a Communist Party meeting earlier this month, Cuban leader Miguel Díaz-Canel blamed U.S. sanctions — the government’s favorite whipping boy — for the crisis. Experts on the Cuban economy don’t dismiss the impact of the decades-old U.S. embargo on the island’s economy. But they say the blame also lies with the decades of government mismanagement, an obsolete centrally planned economy, shrinking aid from political allies, botched monetary policies and a slow recovery from the COVID pandemic. . . .”

There was good news on at least one front in Cuba-U.S. relations, however — at least in the view of some.

Cuban reggaeton singer Oniel Bebeshito (pictured, via Facebook) achieved “a historic milestone” Saturday “by filling Miami’s Pitbull Stadium, a venue with a capacity for 20,000 people. This event marks a before and after in the artist’s career, being the first time that a Cuban urban singer has performed in a stadium of this magnitude in the United States,” CiberCuba reported.

“The night was not only a personal triumph for Oniel Bebeshito, but also for the Cuban urban genre, which continues to break barriers and gain space on international stages. . . .”

(Credit: Al Jazeera/YouTube)

Palestinian Authority Suspends Al Jazeera Over Coverage

“The Palestinian Authority temporarily halted operations of Qatar’s Al Jazeera television in the territory including its broadcasts, citing the network’s dissemination of  ‘inciting material,’ the Palestinian news agency WAFA said on Wednesday,” Reuters reported.

“The culture, interior and communications ministers made the decision jointly because the channel broadcast material that was ‘deceiving and stirring strife,’ WAFA said without providing details on the subject matter.

“The order said the decision was temporary but did not specify an end date.

“The Palestinian Authority criticised Al Jazeera last week over its coverage of the weeks-long standoff between Palestinian security forces and militant fighters in the Jenin camp in the Israeli-occupied West Bank.

“Al Jazeera denounced Wednesday’s decision as ‘an attempt to discourage it from reporting spiraling events in the occupied territories,’ according to a statement.

“It called on the Palestinian Authority to rescind the decision and allow its journalists to report freely from the West Bank without intimidation.

“The decision was not expected to be implemented in Hamas-run Gaza where the Palestinian Authority does not exercise power. Fatah, the faction that controls the Palestinian Authority, said the broadcaster was sowing division in ‘our Arab homeland in general and in Palestine in particular.’ It encouraged Palestinians not to cooperate with the network. . . .”

Agence France-Presse added, “The network is already banned from broadcasting from Israel amid a long-running feud with Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu’s government, which has only worsened during the ongoing war in Gaza.”

Additionally, Aaron Boxerman wrote in The New York Times, “Palestinian critics and human rights groups have charged the Palestinian Authority with launching an increasingly authoritarian crackdown on dissent, violently assaulting demonstrators and intimidating critics of Mahmoud Abbas, the authority’s president.”

(Credit: New York Times)

‘This Rarely Happens for Gazans . . . Something of a Miracle’

In August, Nicholas Casey‘s story dominated the cover of The New York Times Magazine; it was a report on how he and videographer Moises Saman spent two weeks traveling with a rebel group in Sudan to document the civil war there.

Casey returned to the magazine front for the Dec. 22 print edition with “Escape From Gaza,” joined by photographer Paolo Pellegrin. “The war is nearly impossible to flee — except for a small number of sick and wounded who are offered a dramatic path to safety,” read the cover line. Casey went with some of them.

It was a different angle on the Israel-Palestine conflict.

“The project began when Paolo Pellegrin from the Magnum Agency got permission from the United Arab Emirates to board some of the evacuation flights this fall, and soon afterward, I started joining him,” Casey messaged Journal-isms Monday. “The UAE hasn’t widely publicized its humanitarian efforts, because coordinating them with Israel can be a thorny issue in the Middle East, and lead to criticism — but the Emiratis seemed ready to open up about what they were doing and we wanted to document it.

“Paolo and I have both covered Gaza during previous wars, but like almost all journalists in the current conflict, we’ve not been permitted by Israel to enter Gaza. We saw here a chance for us to tell a story that was less about victimhood, and more about Palestinians determining their futures after escaping the war.”

But though many Americans are tuning away from the news, especially about politics, owing to “news fatigue,” Casey said this should not be put in the “more grim news” category.

“To us, this was much more than a story about another tragedy — while it did involve immense suffering, as all wars do, at the center was the hope of an actual escape.

“This rarely happens for Gazans and is something of a miracle when it does. We also thought this was a good moment to present Palestinians as the protagonists here rather than only victims, since in this setting in the UAE, the families we met, for the first time since the war began, were able to have agency over their futures, determining what’s next for themselves and their families.”

Gannett created this “sizzle reel” to publicize its diversity philosophy (Credit: YouTube)

Gannett Plans Racial Parity With Population in ’25

In 2020, the year of the so-called racial reckoning prompted by the police murder of George Floyd, “Gannett, the owner of USA TODAY and more than 260 local news operations, announced a broad initiative . . . to make its workforce as diverse as the country by 2025 and to expand the number of journalists focused on covering issues related to race and identity, social justice and equality,” as USA Today reported at the time.

Gannett says it is on target to meet that parity benchmark.

A spokesperson pointed Journal-isms to the “inclusion” page of the Gannett website:

“Goals by the end of 2025

And:

Our Actions – We will:

According to U.S. population estimates updated July 1, people who were “white alone” were 75.3 percent of the population; “White alone, not Hispanic or Latino,” 58.4 percent; “Hispanic or Latino,” 19.5 percent; “Black alone,” 13.7 percent; “Asian alone,” 6.4 percent; two or more races, 3.1 percent; “American Indian and Alaska Native alone,” 1.3 percent; “Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone,” 0.3 percent.

Gannett posted its current workplace demographics on this page.

They show whites to be 63.3 percent; “not disclosed,” 13.54 percent; Black or African American, 9.67 percent; Hispanic/Latino, 7.26 percent; Asian, 3.78 percent; two or more races, 1.66 percent; American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.63 percent; Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.08 percent; Middle Eastern/North African, 0.08 percent.

Dana Taylor interviews reporter Deborah Barfield Berry on the trip to Angola. (Credit: “The Excerpt,” USA Today)

Biden, USA Today Agree: ‘We Are Going to Write History’

The early edition of Monday’s USA Today — before the death of former president Jimmy Carter forced a redesign — was dominated by Deborah Barfield Berry’s story about Wanda Tucker, whose ancestors, the family believes, are the first Africans brought to the English colonies. They arrived in 1619 on a ship that left from Angola.

Both Tucker and Berry were in Angola in early December when President Biden visited the country, telling the crowd, “We are going to write history, not erase history.”

In 2019, USA Today invited Tucker to Angola to search for her roots, and Berry was on that trip as well. Despite USA Today’s paywall, the new “story is available to everyone; there is additional related content linked within the piece that may be of interest,” a Gannett spokesperson said.

There is also an interactive graphic on African slave trade routes.

A box accompanying these latest contributions explains, “This story is part of a series exploring efforts by Black Americans to trace their family history from libraries in South Carolina to villages in African countries.”

Suspect Patrick Thomas Egan, left, and reporter Ja’Ronn Alex. (Credit: KKCO-TV)

AAPI Reporter Attacked, ‘This is Trump’s America Now’

A Colorado man is being held on bias-motivated charges that he attacked a television news reporter of Pacific Island background after demanding to know whether he was a citizen, according to news reports. Patrick Thomas Egan, 39, who is white, is reported to have said something to the effect of, “This is Trump’s America now.”

Egan’s bail was set at $20,000 and is to appear in court on Thursday at 8:15 a.m., Kacie Sinton reported for KKCO in Grand Junction, Colo., the station where the victim of the attack, reporter Ja’Ronn Alex, worked.

[Jan. 2 update: “Egan has a legal record in California citing several similar crimes and offenses,” KKCO reported after Thursday’s court hearing. “According to statements made in court, Egan has been seeking mental health treatment for two decades with no success. Court officials also said that he is being screened for the ‘Fast Track Program’ and other mental health resources to see if he qualifies to receive help through the state.

[“The judge said that she was prepared to increase Egan’s bond but opted to keep it at $20,000. Egan is still in the Mesa County Jail and is eligible to post bond.

[“Court proceedings kept a protection order in place, banning Egan from coming within 100 yards of the victim. The judge also advised Egan to be ‘hyper aware’ when any news reporters are present. . . .”]

Egan is facing charges of bias-motivated crimes, 2nd degree assault by strangulation, and harassment by following and ethnic intimidation. Bias-motivated crimes and 2nd degree assault are both felonies, Sinton wrote. The harassment charge is a misdemeanor.

Egan was arrested Dec. 18 in Grand Junction after police say he followed Alex’s news vehicle for about 40 miles.the Associated Press reported Sunday. “Alex told police that he believed he had been followed and attacked because he is Pacific Islander.

“After arriving in Grand Junction, Egan, who was driving a taxi, pulled up next to Alex at a stoplight and, according to an arrest affidavit, said something to the effect of: ‘Are you even a US citizen? This is Trump’s America now! I’m a Marine and I took an oath to protect this country from people like you!’

“Alex, who had been out reporting, then drove back to his news station in the city. After he got out of his vehicle, Egan chased Alex as he ran toward the station’s door and demanded to see his identification, according to the document laying out police’s evidence in the case. Egan then tackled Alex, put him in a headlock and ‘began to strangle him,’ the affidavit said. Coworkers who ran out to help and witnesses told police that Alex appeared to be losing his ability to breathe during the attack, which was partially captured on surveillance video, according to the document.

“According to the station’s website, Alex is a native of Detroit.”

The Asian American Journalists Association said in a statement Monday, “This act of violence against a journalist of color, motivated by racial bias, underscores the ongoing threats faced by journalists and individuals from marginalized communities. It highlights how racist and anti-immigrant rhetoric, which increased during the pandemic, has led to physical attacks on members of AAPI communities.”

(Credit: Mary Scott Hodgin, WBHM Public Radio, Birmingham, Ala.)

‘Too Dangerous’ for Parole, but OK for Fast-Food Work

“No state has a longer, more profit-driven history of contracting prisoners out to private companies than Alabama,” Robin McDowell and Margie Mason reported Dec. 20 for the Associated Press. “With a sprawling labor system that dates back more than 150 years — including the brutal convict leasing era that replaced slavery — it has constructed a template for the commercialization of mass incarceration.

“Best Western, Bama Budweiser and Burger King are among the more than 500 businesses to lease incarcerated workers from one of the most violent, overcrowded and unruly prison systems in the U.S. in the past five years alone, The Associated Press found as part of a two-year investigation into prison labor.

“The cheap, reliable labor force has generated more than $250 million for the state since 2000 through money garnished from prisoners’ paychecks.

“Most jobs are inside facilities, where the state’s inmates — who are disproportionately Black — can be sentenced to hard labor and forced to work for free doing everything from mopping floors to laundry. . . .

“Many prisoners work 40 hours a week outside their facilities and then get weekend passes, allowing them to go home without any supervision or electronic monitoring. So when prisoners are then told they’re too dangerous to be permanently released,” said Chris England, an Alabama lawmaker pushing for criminal justice reform. It looks like “another way to create a cheap labor force that is easily exploited and abused.”

How News Networks Performed in Ratings in 2024

“It’s no secret that 2024 saw broadcast, cable, and streaming news outlets struggle to attract a viewing audience with a significant disinterest in the news. That reality was made especially stark by presidential election that saw a 25% ratings decline from the 2020 election cycle across 18 networks,” Mark Mwachiro wrote Dec. 24 for TVNewser.

“Still, despite changing consumption habits and all the changes happening within the industry, those outlets remained a go-to source for a large segment of the viewing audience.

“Here are the 2024 news network ratings highlights according to Nielsen Media Research. (All times Eastern.)”

CBS was not included, as it did not provide ratings information, Mwachiro told Journal-isms.

“ABC News

“Over 67 million viewers tuned in for the ABC News Presidential Debate between Vice President Kamala Harris and President-elect Donald Trump, with 19 million total viewers watching on ABC alone. It was the most-watched debate on any network in 16 years, and ABC News ranked No. 1 among broadcast and cable news outlets across the board . . .”

“CNN

The CNN Presidential Debate between [President] Biden and Trump on June 27 was the first presidential debate of the 2024 election cycle and drew the biggest audience in the network’s history. A combined 52.65 million total viewers and 14.26 demo viewers tuned in to watch the debate, which was simulcast across multiple networks. Still, CNN lead the way with 9.53 million total viewers and 3.379 demo viewers. . . .”

“Fox News

“Fox News had a banner year as the No. 1 network throughout the 2024 presidential election season. It finished 2024 with the highest share of the cable news audience in nearly a decade, and marked nine consecutive years as the highest rated network on television. . . .”

“NBC News

“Today, NBC News’ flagship morning show, finished 2024 with a glow like that of the rising sun on a clear day. For the first time in 13 years, Today stands as the No. 1 morning show in both measured categories for the season to date, averaging 2.825 million total viewers and 707,000 A25-54 viewers. It wrestled away GMA’s stronghold on total viewers by winning its seventh straight week, the show’s best run since December 2019. . . .”

“MSNBC

“On Nov. 5, more viewers chose to follow a presidential election on MSNBC over CNN for the first time in the network’s history. . . .”

“NewsNation

“NewsNation solidified its status in the cable news space by becoming a 24/7 network in June. And on Election Night, it made history as the the first news network to call the race for Trump, preceding calls from more established outlets like Fox News. . . .”

“Spectrum News

“From January through November, Spectrum News averaged 1.76 million average daily household viewership. . . . [caveat in editor’s note.]

“Univision

“The Spanish-language network’s coverage of Election Night averaged 1.5 million total viewers and 617,000 A25-54 viewers in primetime, making it the No. 1 network on all of television for the entire night among U.S. Hispanics. Additionally, Noticias Univision’s town halls with Trump and Harris averaged 1.1 million total viewers and 356,000 A25-54 viewers. . . .”

With Assad Gone, Syria’s Journalists Are Free at Last

“After 21 years, the day Farouk feared had finally come. An envelope sealed with red wax made its way through the faded hallways of Syria’s national news agency, Sana, and landed on his desk. Inside was what employees called a penalty, the contents of which could range from a reprimand from the editors to a summons to one of Syria’s brutal security branches,” William Christou reported Monday for the Guardian.

“ ‘I found a mistake before the article was published and I brought it to the editors’ attention. I thought this would be a good thing but they punished me,’ Farouk, a journalist on Sana’s foreign news desk, said under a pseudonym.

“Farouk was lucky: he faced only an administrative consequence. Other co-workers had not been so fortunate. . . .”

As the new year arrived, Syrians staged their first new year’s celebration without an Assad in power for more than 50 years after the fall of Bashar al-Assad in December.

“For the past 13 years, journalists had not been allowed to report freely as their news agency was on the frontline of the Assad regime’s propaganda effort . . .” Christou continued.

“To ensure journalists did not write anything that contradicted the regime’s line, Syrian intelligence agents planted informants in the office to observe reporters. ‘You didn’t know who was the one among us writing reports on their fellow employees. They reported when you got into work, when you left, how long you spent in the bathroom,” [staffer Mohanned] Abdelrahman said.

“Journalists’ social media profiles were monitored. A status that expressed any dissenting view, or even a ‘like’ on a suspicious comment, would attract the attention of authorities.

“The consequences for journalists who dared to deviate from the state’s line could be deadly. Reporters recalled a colleague who was detained for three months and tortured daily, suspended from a pipe in a grotesque stress position. Another was severely tortured after it was discovered he had been sending footage of opposition protests in south Syria to Al Jazeera. . . .

“Journalists were obliged to change copy from Russia’s Sputnik news agency to make it stricter. For example, Russian media’s mention of ‘Ukraine’s army’ would be changed to ‘neo-Nazi forces’ in Sana’s stories.

“ ‘We would joke that we were the real Moscow, not them,’ Abdelrahman said, adding that in recent years journalists on the foreign desk could only write about Cuba, Iran, Russia and Venezuela. . . .’ “

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